Analysis Of Rockwell Collins - 1473 Words

The most accomplished that I felt during my time at Rockwell Collins would have to be when I created my own tool in Python. As the only onsite member of the integration team other than our team lead (the rest were remote from Phoenix, Arizona or Endicott, New York) one of the many tasks I had was to assist in the preparation of the documentation that had to accompany each software build delivery. One piece of the information that had to be included in this documentation was a list of every signal in the build that was known to be unconnected, so that the testers who received the delivery would know that nothing was wrong if those signals were not passing in their scripts. The way that I got this information for the first couple of†¦show more content†¦That was an accomplishment that I was very proud of, because I was able to make a useful tool that had a real, positive impact on the project, and it was in Python, a language in which I had almost no experience with prior to m y internship. That was a big boost to my confidence, because I was able to extrapolate from the core concepts that I had picked up in my computer science classes at Mizzou, like CS1050, in order to understand the structure of a new language and gain proficiency in a short period of time. Beyond the computer science related work that I did while at work during my internship, I also had the opportunity to apply my knowledge outside the office through the Rockwell Collins Intern Startup Weekend. Startup weekends are challenges/ competitions where ideas for startup companies are pitched by participants, then teams are formed around the top few ideas with the goal of validating and attempting to form the foundation of a startup over the course of that weekend to pitch at the end. This event was exclusive to Rockwell Collins Interns and Co-Ops, so we were able to work with a diverse group of students and peers. The group that I worked with developed an application to facilitate carpooling within organizations and universities. I served as one of the two primary application developers on this team, and we developed a functionalShow MoreRelatedBoeing Company Analysis1257 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate and reorganize very effectively. In this way, customer brand loyalty has been fostered anew by adding value and by differentiating Boeing itself from its competition (particularly Airbus), as we shall see further on in the essay below. Analysis The Boeing corporation had been a very successful company in the mid-1990s. At the time, it dominanted the market in commercial aviation with an additional thriving sideline in the military and space contracts market. Boeing faced and then overcameRead MoreTextron Corporation2304 Words   |  10 Pagescompanys shares were worth $55-$57.50 per share, using a sum-of-the parts valuation methodology. Prudential set a target price of $51.50 per share, up from $50.50 using a discounted cash flow valuation approach. Objectives To make a performance analysis between the Textron and competitors within the same industry segment (mostly Aerospace and Defense firms) by using financial ratios for the fiscal 2005 and 2006 and to compare with Textron’s. Problem short description Ms. Amphlett was surprisedRead MoreStrategic Analysis : Corporate Strategy1782 Words   |  8 PagesStrategic Analysis Corporate Strategy Garmin follows a first mover, differentiation strategy. 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The following features demonstrate VISTA s adaptability to the needs of the individual verifier: VISTA provides a host—based environment for testing embeddedRead MoreGe Honeywell23318 Words   |  94 Pagesprocesses on either side of the Atlantic. While a significant amount has already been written on the case, systematic comparisons between the approaches followed by Commission and the DoJ have so far remained difficult because much of the DoJ’ s analysis is not in the public domain. In addition, little attention has been given so far to process and procedures. We attempt to gather systematic evidence on these issues; beyond an extensive survey of public sources currently available, we have extendedRead MoreBoeing Financial Analysis Essay6645 Words   |  27 PagesBoeing Financial Analysis The Boeing Company was formed in 1916 by William E. Boeing in Seattle, Washington. 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Smartphones Apple, Inc., HTC CorporationRead MoreJntuk 2-1 and 2-2 Mech Syllabus R105047 Words   |  21 PagesUandiStar.org JNT UNIVERSITY KAKINADA, KAKINADA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - COURSE STRUCTURE – 2010 BATCH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I SEMESTER Engineering Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Hydraulic Machinery Thermodynamics Managerial Economics Financial Analysis Electrical Electronics Engineering Computer aided Engineering Drawing lab Electrical Electronics Engg. Lab Fluid Mechanics Hydraulic Machinery Lab English Communication Practice P 4 4 4 4 4 6 3 3 2 II YEAR C II SEMESTER 4 1 KinematicsRead MoreStrategic Sourcing5376 Words   |  22 PagesSaab (Sweden). Messier-Dowty (France) builds the landing gear, which includes titanium forged in Russia, and brake parts from Italy, and Thales supplies the integrated standby flight display and electrical power conversion system. Honeywell and Rockwell-Collins provide flight control, guidance, and other avionics systems, including standard dual head up guidance systems. 2. Boeing Strategic Sourcing Boeing is giving its overseas suppliers much more than a slice of the manufacturing pieRead MoreThe Airline Industry: Facing The Challenges Of The 21st Century20678 Words   |  83 Pagesleast two purposes. First, examining the relationship between overall economic activity and fiscal and monetary aggregates has analytical value from the perspective of business cycle modeling. Second, as Agà ©nor and Montiel (1996) argue, this type of analysis can make a valuable contribution to the design of stabilization and adjustment programs (which Jamaica has had numerous problems with over the last 25 years) 4 5 In examining data from 51 countries a number of areas were paramount: 1) Co-movements

Ethical Issue Of Same Sex Marriage Essay - 2348 Words

Ethical Issue of Same-Sex Marriage On June 26, 2015, it was ruled by the the US Supreme Court that the US Constitution will guarantee that same-sex couples have the right to marriage in all 50 states of the US (state by state, n.d.). By many, this was celebrated as a victory. A Victory in the sense of equality, rights, and love. By others, this was seen as an immoral setback. I come to wonder who is right. Is there a right side? I know that there is a side who is for same-sex marriage and there is a side of those who oppose it. However, I know that the Christian faith tends to side with the opponents. I am a Christian; does that mean I am to be an opponent? Ultimately I want to get my point across on same-sex marriage as a societal institution. I will also touch on homosexuality, not as an issue of practice overall, but to use as background and in text evidence. I will also use homosexuality to support the need for same-sex marriage. Pro For years and years, homosexuals have fought for the right to marry their loved one. It has been looked down upon, called immoral, sinful, and deeds of the devil, but that is not the way it is seen by those who support or engage in it. Supporters view marriage as the union of two individuals who love each other. They no longer see it as the concept of traditional marriage. They believe traditional marriage has changed over time, and that the definition of marriage as being between one man and one woman is historically inaccurate (shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage803 Words   |  4 Pagesor forever hold your peace!† Right now you, the reader, are probably confused. Let me elaborate for you. Many people have moral issues on same-sex marriages. In this paper you will read an overview of two academic articles that apply to the issue at hand. Then, I will apply two ethical theories to the issue. Finally, I will give my own opinion and where I stand on the issue. According to the JSTOR article Equal Access and the Right to Marry written by Tebbe and Widiss and published by The UniversityRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is An Emerging Issue852 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage is an emerging issue in the USA. This issue has gained a lot of debate on levels of federal and state governments. Referring to the context of legislations and judiciary same sex is declared legal in various states of the country. In contrast various states have their own laws and constitutional amendments which restrict people from same sex marriage. Variations at the state level rise ambiguities and questions about these unions being valid or not if contracted outside the jurisdictionRead MoreEssay on your mom964 Words   |  4 Pageslike your mom I like your mom I like your mom I like your mom This module explores the ethical issues regarding sexual behavior. In this activity, you will develop an essay about contemporary sexual morality. Read the chapter on sexual morality in your e-text. Using information about sexual morality, select either (a) female genital mutilation or (b) same-sex marriage as your essay topic. Describe the ethical implications of your topic, and discuss how others have expressed moral judgments aboutRead MoreShould Gays Be Allowed to Marry1476 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 3, 2012 Argumentative Essay on Gay Marriage Marriage: a legally recognized relationship, established by civil or religious ceremony, between two people who intend to live together as sexual and domestic partners. Typically this is between a man and a woman, in love, as they come before their families, to pledge to spend the rest of their lives together. As times continue to evolve around the world so has the idea and laws concerning marriage. Marriage is no longer just about a man and a womanRead MoreThe Supreme Court Of The United States894 Words   |  4 PagesMany cases have been filed to the Supreme Court of the United States to legalize gay marriage, but the Supreme Court was reluctant to legalize it because it contradicts with most religions, including Christian religion. However, very recently the Supreme Court by 5-4 has legalized the same sex marriage. People also were divided into two groups. The first group were mostly conservative whom see this kind of marriage contradicts with their religious belief, opposed th e decision. Second Group has welcomedRead MoreThe Social Invention Of Marriage928 Words   |  4 PagesSECTION THREE The social invention of marriage has changed over time, and as discussed above, it is no longer acceptable to separate black people from white while claiming to treat them â€Å"equally†. Similar to this, we cannot claim to be treating homosexuals equally, while enforcing laws that exclude them. The progression that our country has made towards civil rights have come about simply because we are all citizens of the United States. In a society so richly entrenched in the search for and theRead MoreEthics Of Care And Relativism1370 Words   |  6 PagesEthical System Reflection Everyone has their own system for determining what is right and wrong based on certain principles. This can be categorized as an ethical system, which is defined as â€Å"a structured set of principles that defines what is moral† (Pollock, 2015). Ethical systems have a variety of characteristics, which create a blue print to how individuals make critical decisions. The two ethical systems I relate to are, ethics of care and relativism. Ethics of care is an ethical system whichRead More12 Ethical Principles For Business Managers1410 Words   |  6 Pagesstandard of moral and ethical practices, these companies are not guaranteed to be successful. Michael Josephson, the president and CEO of Josephson Institute has an article titled â€Å"12 Ethical Principles for Business Executives†, in which he talks about the twelve principles of ethics and how important it is to follow these principles. The article defines ethical principles as: Ethical principles are universal standards of right and wrong prescribing the kind of behavior an ethical company or personRead More210243 gay marriage Essays999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversies Surrounding Gay Marriages: How Much the Fabric of Society Can Withstand Student’s name: Institution: Abstract The issue of gay marriages has been discussed for quite a while from a number of perspectives; however, its economic aspects are rarely touched upon. In their article Firms balk at gay weddings, Nathan Koppel and Ashey Jones shed some light on the controversy surrounding the provision of services regarding the arrangement of same sex weddings from the perspective of theRead MoreEssay on The Issue of Same-sex Marriage1254 Words   |  6 PagesIt has been around there for years, in newspapers, on television and in today’s local news: gay marriage. It surely is an ethical dilemma and the dilemma shows us two sides: people are either in favour of gay marriage or they are against gay marriage. Gay marriage can be legalised by law and if not, punishment in jail could be the next step. And that is where the ethical dilemma starts. All human beings have certain needs in life, these needs could differ per individual, so as a commonly accepted

Abortion in Ancient Times Free Essays

Procedure of abortion is known since ancient times. The word abortion is came the Latin abortus where â€Å"ab† means â€Å"amiss† and â€Å"oriri† means â€Å"likely to be born, arise†. Along with infanticide it has existed in many societies, both primitive and advanced. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion in Ancient Times or any similar topic only for you Order Now The earliest records of an abortive technique go back about 4,600 years to an ancient Chinese work, purportedly the work of Emperor Shen Nung which prescribes the use of mercury to induce an abortion. In ancient ages pessaries or vaginal suppositories were used as an abortifacients. They are generally more effective than oral drugs and included substances such as juice of the wild fig, a â€Å"dairy liquid† ,which caused irritation, soapwort, myrrh, myrtle, lupine, cedar-oil mixed with water, wine, or hot oil. Ancient doctors also suggested smearing on the uterine opening goose fat, mashed leek and celery, rose oils, pine resin, copper scum, boiled honey, sodium carbonate, and even mouse dung. The Egyptian Kahun Papyrus, which dates to 1850 B. C. , recommend crocodile feces either for preventing conception or as an abortifacient. The Ebers Papyrus, which dates to 1550 B. C. , contains several recipes that â€Å"cause a woman to stop pregnancy in the first, second, or third period. † One recipe for a vaginal suppository includes mixed the unripe fruit of Acacia, colocynth, dates, and 6/7 pints of honey and pouring the mixture onto a moistened plant fiber. Modern Arabic women still take colocynth as an abortifacient, though one woman who took 120 grains in a powder died 50 hours later. In Arabic medicine, elephant feces were frequently recommended. Aristotle suggests that the conceptus had a â€Å"soul† after 40 days from conception if a male and 90 if female. In addition there are similar differentiations in the Bible. Later, Aristotle says that the fetus develops gradually and that it is impossible to make a fine judgment. Famous doctors such as Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides, and Pseudo-Galen mention more â€Å"superstitious† abortifacients, like passage over the root of a cyclamen, the egg of a crow, a snake, or a stone which was bitten by a dog. Ancient physicians also used pessaries, or vaginal suppositories, as abortifacients. They were usually more potent than oral drugs and included substances like the juice of the wild fig, a â€Å"milky liquid† which caused irritation, soapwort, myrrh, myrtle, lupine, cedar-oil mixed with water, wine, or hot oil. Physicians also recommend smearing on the uterine opening goose fat, mashed leek and celery, rose oils, pine resin, copper scum, boiled honey, sodium carbonate, and even mouse dung. In the Middle Ages, abortion was tolerated because there were no laws against it. There were a variety of abortifacients, such as mixture called â€Å"cup of roots† and another known as a â€Å"A Cure for All Kinds of Stomach Aches. However after long time, therapeutic abortion is one of the most controversial subjects in modern society, is evident capable of generating intense passions, that lead to a great number of other social issues. In recent decades, on a global scalethere is increasing pressure for changes in abortion which could lead to a various consequence s. A great number of people have the view that abortion is a matter merely between a woman and her attending physician. There is another opinion that ultimately abortion should be granted on request. According to the statistics of UN’s Department of Economic and social Affairs of 2007 year, about 97% of countries around the world allow abortion in the event of an emergency, when women’s life is in explicit threat. There are only 5 countries where abortion is prohibited. These countries are Chile, El Salvador, the Holy See, Malta and Nicaragua. The most strict abortion laws are adopted in developing countries. For example, there are 19% of developing countries that authorize abortion on account of social and economic issues, 15% that allow it on request. In contrast, there are 78% of developed countries that let abortion for economic and social issues, 67% of them permit it on request. In the vast majority of countries, to have an abortion woman has to pass additional procedural requirements. It could be agreement of parents, the husband or third-party authorization, consultations, waiting period, categories of health providers permitted to perform abortions. However, it is essential to notice that this statistic is not absolutely clear, because not all countries give full information about abortion rate. How to cite Abortion in Ancient Times, Papers

ICT Issues at Workplace

Question: Discuss about the ICT Issues at Workplace. Answer: Introduction Many of the organizations have great procedures and policies and follow proper rules and regulations, even then the unethical behavior is still a big issue for them. In this study, ethically questionable or ethical dilemma situation associated with ICT at the organization is discussed. And Doing Ethics Technique (DET) is used to examine the ethical concern related to ICT. Ethical Isssue Main Issue Ethics are represented as the ethical value that assists the variables like respect, integrity, trustworthiness, openness, and privacy for securing organizations environment as the sustenance of the organization entirely rely on it. On the other hand, ICT is characterized as IT and communication technology, for instance, hardware, software, the internet, and telephone utilized for sharing and communicating essential data inside as well as outside of the company (Gijbels, Raemdonck, Vervecken, Van Herck, 2012). Hereby, ethically questionable or moral dilemma situation accompanying to ICT that was faced by my organization four months earlier is analyzed, where I and other members of the management team identified some whistle-blowers who continuously shared essential and secretive data of organization with others illicitly. Other related issues In this case information like product details and its design and even information about forthcoming merchandise had been communicated and shared illegally with organizations competitors. To make work of employees simpler and diminish human efforts, my organization always used new technology. With the assistance of PDAs, checked copies and E-mails of every project, information has been easily distributed by the organizations employees (McLean, 2011). The Internet, printer, as well as laptops and much more software and hardware, are utilized by the workers to share or reveal essential or secretive information. Workers utilize their own cell phones to message or email secretive data to others. DET have been utilized so that the issues related to morals or ethics in the organization can easily be managed. Our rivals prepare methodology in the same way as the administration had designed or planned to expand the business by propelling new products. It was a situation where employees had sh ared crucial information about the organization for extra facilities and money with the organizations competitors (Meyer, 2015). The vital data was being communicated and shared by the team of employees who use to conduct development and research activities for the organization. The essential information was being distributed with the assistance of employees with the help of their own mobile phones and official E-mail-ids. Facts Related to issue The higher level management team of our organization attempted to examine the facts by making an examination group who might use SWOT examination procedure to discover escape clauses of the organization as well as the existing position of our rivals. The technological framework of each worker was being completely checked by the examination team using employees official email-ids. At last, it was found that RD department mailed essential information and data to our rivals (Dale, 2016). Non-ethical and Ethical Issues It was also discovered by the assessment group that the scanned reports comprising of product configurations were being sent to the contenders. The major issue which prompted to this mistake was the appraisal thing which was not at all made for RD team and they didn't even get payment according to market standards. These were some of the reasons related to legitimate, practical, and social prospects of ethics. Our marketing team had discovered that the upcoming products which we had discussed in earlier meetings have been propelled by our rivals in the market. The marketing team had complained the top management regarding such fraudulent activities by emailing them from their official email-ids. Who is affected The organization's stakeholders were badly affected as they had invested a large portion of the money for our upcoming products which we were going to launch in the market. If we take this affects in a positive way, then it helps stakeholders to be careful before investing in the organization (Meyer, 2015). Ethical Issues and its implications If I have to describe all these issues in one line, then this procedure was completely a whistle-blowing procedure. The workers overlooked their ethical quality for earning name and fame. The established hypothesis of ethics depends on Teleological and Deontological perspectives. The Deontological perspectives concentrate on profound quality, and the Teleological perspectives concentrate on accomplishing things without thinking about the outcomes. This case is connected with the Teleological viewpoint. The management of our organization was blamed by our stakeholders because the share prices of stakeholders were falling, therefore, there is no guarantee that they will invest their finance with us so these are some of the implications of these ethical issues. Steps taken to solve this issue The online articles or blogs were being publicized and individuals came to properly know about the organizations working standards in the society. The management team installed new software so that all whistle-blowing team members could easily be tracked during the time when they are doing such type of activities. The management has been appointed an examination team so that the technological gadgets that were utilized by our workers could be examined timely to prevent dishonest activities (Hollingworth Valentine, 2015). Options to solve Issue The first alternative is that the management should pay the group according to the market prices, and furthermore give yearly evaluations. The second choice is that the electronic gadgets ought to be given to all workers, for example, scanner, printer, laptop, punch cards, phones, etc. and these devices should only be utilized during office timings and ought to be followed on a regular basis by our investigation team members. Best Option to solve issue The second alternative will prove to be suitable because of workers entry as well as exit time tracking. The investigation team enters email ids of employees to track personal gadgets being utilized by our workers. In addition, workers will be aware of checking of their work performance which will make a superior workplace situation. The workers ought not to be permitted to use own gadgets since workers can duplicate and share the data anytime. The management of our organization should have an intellectual property using software which tracks activities and performance of employees. Conclusion This study has concluded that employees should maintain ethics while using the technology in an organization. The workers were informants as well as shared and communicated the essential data to the contenders about their forthcoming products. Therefore, organizations should regularly track the behaviors, activities, and performance of the employees and track the technologies given to every employee on a persistent basis. References Dale, O. (2016). Ethical issues and stakeholders matter.Addiction,111(4), 587-589. Gijbels, D., Raemdonck, I., Vervecken, D., Van Herck, J. (2012). Understanding work?related learning: the case of ICT workers.Journal Of Workplace Learning,24(6), 416-429. Hollingworth, D. Valentine, S. (2015). Erratum to: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Organizational Ethical Context on Employees Ethical Issue Recognition and Ethical Judgments.Journal Of Business Ethics,128(2), 467-467. McLean, A. (2011). Ethical frontiers of ICT and older users: cultural, pragmatic and ethical issues.Ethics And Information Technology,13(4), 313-326. Meyer, M. (2015). Positive business: doing good and doing well.Business Ethics: A European Review,24, S175-S197.

Mission, Vision, and Goals free essay sample

My mission in life is to be happy with the way my life turned out. Yes, I would love to have a lot of money and to be known, but whats the point of having all of that when Im not happy that I have it? Most people mistake being grateful for happiness. Wrong! Many of the rich and famous are grateful for what they have, but not all are happy with it. No matter how my life turns out, I just want to be happy. Whether I am a homeless woman living in a shelter, or a successful entrepreneur living in a million dollar home, I just want to be happy!! Five-ten years from now, I see myself working on my clothing line and generating a good amount of sales. I see myself getting talked about in some of the hottest fashion magazines saying that I am one of the hottest successful plus size fashion designers around. We will write a custom essay sample on Mission, Vision, and Goals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During this time I hope to have a high rolling website for my line, and that I have a huge amount of customers that buy my items. I would also love to have at least one- two fashion boutiques fully designed and fully staffed. Being a fashion designer is my main career goal. I do not see myself being anything but a designer. Fifteen-twenty years from now, I see myself being in runway shows showing off all of my fabulous designs. I see luxurious clothing stores all across the map with my brand name a logo on the front. My stores will be fabulous and glamorous like Gucci, Guess, Coach, and Juicy Couture. My clothing will be very elegant and formal. Celebrities, both small and plus size will be flaunting my designs to the Grammys, Oscars, VMAs, and more. My name will be everywhere. I have a dream to be compared to other famous designer brands like Prada, Dior, Christian Louboutin, Vera Wang, Fendi and more! I want celebreties to specifically request me and my company to design an exclusive garment for a special occasion such as a wedding. Today, I am studying business management at Johnson and Wales University. My financial aid has recently put me in a position where unfortunately, I will most likely not be attending school next year. Instead, I will be working and saving money, so that I can go to a fashion school and get a fashion degree. While I am working during the summer, I play to buy a sewing machine, and teach myself how to sew clothes. I have been looking to buy a mannequin dress form, but unfortunately they range from $95 to nearly $500, so I have decided to make my own. I will be doing a small project where I will make my own mannequin dress form of my best friends body. My plan to help me get a better understanding of the fashion world, is to be an intern at a fashion company. I hope to land my first job as a fashion assistant, either before I go to fashion school (if Im lucky) or after I receive my degree. Fashion is a huge part of my life, and no matter what obstacles come in my way like not being able to attend school next year, I will make my dreams of becoming a fashion designer come true!

Cosmological Argument Essays

Cosmological Argument Essays Cosmological Argument Essay Cosmological Argument Essay The Cosmological Argument as proof of God The Cosmological Argument is born out of premise that the world must have a cause and a reason for existing. The word cosmos comes the Greek word meaning concerned with cause. The argument is posteriori in its nature, meaning it is based on thing we experience in the universe, and takes a probabilistic approach to try and decipher how said evidence came to being. In this essay I will focus on arguments from Aquinas, Leibniz and Frederick Copleston, whilst also touching upon some weaker, not so significant arguments from Kalam. These arguments attempt to prove how the Cosmological Arguments provides evidence of God. The first and most well known argument is that of Aquinas 5 ways, of which the first three focus on using motion, cause and contingency to aid the cosmological argument. St Thomas Aquinas, a second century philosopher with little knowledge of science, sought to prove God as an explanation for the universe. His first way, motion, argues that nothing can move without an external force, a prime mover. He also stated that everything in the universe is the result of a chain of causes and effects, started by the rime mover. All causes come after their effect, but the concept of cause and effect cannot regress into infinity. Aquinas said that everything is contingent , at one point it did not exist, this created the question of who is the prime mover or first cause? Aquinas, being a second century Catholic, resorted to the bible. Concluding that the first cause must be the omnipotent God. The strength of this argument as evidence for God stems from the reality that imagining infinite regression is impossible, making Aquinas argument somewhat believable and logical. Due to the reasonable ature of the argument it is easy to accept God as the first cause of the universe. Gotfreid Liebniz, although arguing the same point, takes a different approach. He states his principle of sufficient reason in support of the cosmological argument. His argument comes from the question as to Why there is something rather than nothing? Liebnez was confident that there must be a reason for the worlds existence and this reason must be external to the world, nothing can exist without a necessary reason. He took the external reason to be God. Liebnez argument is strong in that he s coming from the angle that the ultimate reason of things must lie in a necessary substance, meaning that his conclusion of God was not materialised out of religious beliefs or need for an answer. Rather that when looking at things within the universe it is clear that an omnipotent being, namely God, is needed to provide a sufficient reason for our existence. Views like that from the Kalam argument, deduced by a group of Arabian philosophers, evaluates the fact that the world could have easily not existed. That when there are two equally possible events something has to will one of the possibilities into existence. William Lane Craig supported this, agreeing that the world could not have come about by random forces of nature. The Kalam argument agrees with this stating that if the universe must have a cause for existence then it is God, hence God exists. Personally, I think this argument raises too many questions such as why must the cause be God? The argument is too vague to have any impact on the cosmological argument, however does have some value in that it is a valid some external being. Much like Aquinas third way, Frederick Copleston, takes on the view that everything is contingent. That the world is Just a totality of objects, for hich the reason for their totality exists outside itself, meaning that everything relies on something else to bring it into existence. Such as how society could not exist without the people in it. If it true that the cause of the universe must be external to the universe itself, a self causing, intelligent, necessary being must is needed as an explanation for the universe. This being God. Coplestons views are extremely hard to disprove. This is because it is impossible to say that he is wrong because, in the same way that we will never know if there is an external intelligent being, we can never now that there is not. His argument is also based on years of historians, philosophers and scientists work, not Just faith like that of Aquinas. This provides more validity to his argument and the cosmological argument as a whole. That the necessary being that caused the universe was most likely to be God. To conclude, the cosmological argument does in fact provide respectable evidence for God. This is because it considers the fact that an infinite regression of causes and effects is almost inconceivable and therefore it is most likely that is does not exist. Resulting in he conclusion that something all powerful, God, must have caused everything. It is valid to say that God is the necessary, external being that defies our laws of logic, being both dynamic and self causing. There must be a reason why all things exist and the cosmological argument provides decent evidence that this reason is God. t) Comment on the view that the CA fails to explain the existence of God Personally, I agree with the premise of the CA, that the universe is a result of a series of causes and effects. However I am not convinced a prime mover is necessary to explain them I m willing to accept other conclusions as an alternative to God. Such as scientific research, and the idea of Russell that the universe is J ust brute fact. The biggest weakness of the CA is that it does not comply with the laws of logic and science. Science has discovered that the universe has not always been moving at the same rate, that it is in fact decelerating. Meaning that not every cause is having a rapid and evident effect, raising the question of where is the intelligent prime mover now? As a whole if the CA goes against logic, making it unbelievable and pathetic. Bertrand Russell, the prime oppose of Copleston, stated that the universe is Just brute fact. That Copleston uses faulty logic in his argument, meaning that he based his views on faith rather than what was more probable and believable. It is unbelievable as the idea of God goes against the entire premise for he CA, that everything must have a cause and effect. Thus contradicting itself. Russell failed to understand how in a world supposedly a result of a number of causes and effects, some external being for which there is little proof could have caused itself. He also questions why the niverse needs a cause at all, l should say that the universe is Just there and that is all. This is a strong argument as, unlike Coplestons, it does require further investigation, proof or explanation. However it is a catastrophic statement in that it goes against our human, inquisitive nature and completely destroys the need for the CA. I agree with Russell in that it is futile to look for an answer or cause for the universe, as no one will ever be able to prove whether or not it is God. Therefore it is easier to accept that there is no God at all. In a similar way Humes expresses that l xperience of. Therefore we cannot make conclusions about creation, as no one experienced it. He also questions why does cause on a small scale need cause on a large scale? Just because we can see small causes and effects in the universe, it does not call for a powerful external cause, like God, to be the cause of the universe. Through eliminating the need for a first cause, we eliminate the need for the CA at all. This is itself shows how weak the CA is, and it cannot be relied upon to give proof of God. To conclude I do not believe that the CA provides sufficient evidence for God. This is due to it being vague and contradictory. The idea of cause and effect is evident in the universe however could be used to Justify many arguments, including scientific theories such as evolution. It can also be questioned that there is no actual, tangible, visual proof that there was a time when nothing existed. The CA also fails to explains how if everything needs a cause, what caused God? And why is God an exception to the rule? For me it is Ludacris to answer such an important and defining question with the answer of God, a supposed uncaused, omnipotent being for which there is no genuine proof.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Human Resource Management - Essay Example As such, job analysis can be termed to be a component of planning where jobs are studied and analyzed to know the requisite characteristics and nature of the job. With the help of this information, competent and suitable candidates can be employed on that particular job (Ostwald 2003). Jobs make positions, positions make occupations and occupations transform themselves into organizational structure. As such, job analysis is the building block of not only human resources function, but also organizational behavior, structure and planning (Fig.1). Planning, recruitment, training and appraisal- all other HRM activities directly stem out from job analysis. Job analysis is actually a comprehensive data collection technique where some data relates to the job specifications and other pertains to the individuals. Thus, number of employee, characteristics of employees, nature and mode of training and objective appraisal of employees can be done only on the basis of job analysis. Evaluation of job- with the help of job analysis, relative worth of jobs is ascertained which in turn helps in determining the base compensation and relevance of the job in the organization. This proves to be an important criterion of cost cutting and cost saving activity for a firm. Employee development- when both the specifications of job and the individuals handling the job are determined in advance, it becomes easier to benchmark the performance levels and analyze the gaps. Moreover, specific areas of gap can be figured out which can then be resolved by using employee counseling and training sessions. Safety measures- process of job analysis is applied in all kinds of jobs be it technical, clerical or managerial. Therefore, it extends a bit beneficial in technical jobs where use of tools, machinery and equipments can give rise to hazardous conditions and unhealthy workplace environment. Job analysis tries to do away with

Human Rights and Anti-Terrorsm Legislation Essay

Human Rights and Anti-Terrorsm Legislation - Essay Example The primary Human Rights document in the United Kingdom is the Human Rights Act 1998. The Human Rights Act 1998 received royal assent on November 9, 1998 and came into force on October 2, 2000. The objective of said Act was to harmonize the domestic law of the United Kingdom with the European Convention on Human Rights and to provide for stricter human rights guarantees to be followed by all states. The provisions on free speech, freedom of assembly and due process all impact heavily on the criminal justice system in the United Kingdom. On the other hand, the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in November of 2001, a mere two months after the historic 9-11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City. Criticized by many for the undue haste in its passage, with concerns of political pressure being raised, the law in its original form contained passages that human rights groups deemed to be violative of established human rights principles. Amidst the outrage surrounding the 911 attacks, the Anti-Terror Law was heralded as a measure to combat the worldwide phenomenon of terrorism and to arrest its spread and development. Legal scholars and free speech advocates, however, unite in condemning the law for trampling constitutionally-protected liberties. There is also the possibility that the law might give rise to or at least encourage racial profiling, particularly the provisions on proscription of terrorist organizations. It might further alienate minority groups and exace rbate the political violence by radicalizing "moderate" groups. Human rights advocates scored a victory when the Law Lords ruled that a provision in the Law allowing the indefinite detention of foreign terrorist suspects was contrary to human rights principles. Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead, in his ruling, said: "Indefinite imprisonment without charge or trial is anathema in any country which observes the rule of law." This decision was reached when nine detainees lodged their appeal before the Court. Indeed, due process is a fundamental principle of human rights. Criminal justice in any mature society always involves a balance of two competing interests: the need to protect the rights of the accused, and the need to combat crime and instill peace and order in society. "Legally, a crime is any act or omission proscribed by the criminal law and thus punishable by the state through the criminal justice system" (Davies, Croall and Tyrer, 2005) Legal systems in the civilized world - whether in civil or common law jurisdictions -- have, at least in theory, given primacy to the rights of the accused, understanding that ambiguity should be resolved in his or her favor. The anti-terror legislation of the United Kingdom unfortunately appears to have forgotten this notion. This comes as little surprise, certainly, given its beginnings that would make many a human rights advocate flinch. Post-911 anti-terror legislation in the UK is heavily laden with the baggage of American anti-war rhetoric which in turn smacks of prejudice, bigotry and an abject refusal to honor human rights prin

Healthcare Information Management Personal Statement

Healthcare Information Management - Personal Statement Example are record system has proven to be a better means of documenting medical records and this is the reason that I am interested in using this method in documenting the medical records of patients. I am sure that the proper utilization of the electronic medical records system would help have an easy and fast access to the medical information of my clients and this means that less time would be spent on data retrieval. The electronic healthcare record system has not only revived the medical practice, but it has also revitalized the medical practitioners themselves. This technological innovation would guarantee reduced clinical, medical and prescription errors, thus departing from the age of paper healthcare records, where errors are too many. This has further influenced my decision to work in the healthcare information field using this great technological advancement. The primary job of a medical practitioner is to cater for the needs of their patients and meet their expectations in terms of qualitative healthcare. The electronic system would not only give me a satisfactory level of job satisfaction, but it would also give me the opportunity to meet the expectations of my clients in terms of healthcare delivery and services. This great innovation would not only save the time of doctors, but it would also save the time of the patients. This is another reason that I would like to work in this field using the electronic healthcare record

The benefits for children when their individual needs are met

The benefits for children when their individual needs are met Explain the benefits for children when their individual needs are met. Each child develops at different rates; this includes growth, development and learning. As soon as a child is born they are learning. It is how we respond to each individuals needs can have an effect over how an individual develops. Development matters is a document which roughly outlines at what developments or milestones should be completed at what age. It is important to monitor each individual to check that these milestones have been reached as early intervention maybe required to meet a childs developmental needs. The earlier identification can take place, the sooner additional support can be implemented to minimise disruption in an individual developmental requirements. There are many reasons that may affect why a child may require additional support. If a child is delivered prematurely it will delay development as a child needs to continue the development with medical support to complete the development that would naturally happen in the womb. This would then carry on to have a development delay in many of the milestones completed at a full term child would have completed these difference have usually disappeared by the age of two unless there is other development problems. If a child is born with a disability it does not automatically follow that there will be a development delay in achieving many of the early milestones. They may however need additional support or a different way of learning in future to meet any specific needs. Illness can also have an effect; minor illness can affect how a child acts on a daily basis whereas a long term illness can have a major impact on how a child develops. Environmental issues can effect a childs development both physically and emotionally. If a child is in a poor environment there may not be the opportunities for outdoor play or their dietary requirements may not be met. Albert Bandura believes that a good social environment is pivotal as children copy the actions of others, so need good role models Stress either through illness, abuse or loss of a close family member can lead to development problems as it can cause them to have a very negative view of themselves. When a childs needs are fully met it gives them a strong starting point to explore the world around them. This aids their learning process as it gives them the confidence to try new things. Describe how the principles of anti-discriminatory practice can be applied to practice. Anti-discrimination must be applied to all areas of learning, to discriminate against an individual is to treat them less favourable than others. This will obviously have an effect on their own self-image and knock their confidence; this in itself could aid development delays as they will not have the confidence in themselves to try new things. Everyone is quite different whether it is from being from a different cultural background, learning abilities or disabilities or talents. Each difference should be celebrated and each child have their own unique needs met. The United Nations Convention on the rights of children deems that as each child is unique it is a childs right to air their views and opinions and that as a care giver you should have the best interests of the child as the core of your practice. The EY Statutory framework deems that policies should be in place to promote equal opportunity for all children in each establishment and that they should state how an individualâ⠂¬â„¢s needs should be met. All children should not just be treated the same, they should however, be given the same concern and attention to enable their own unique needs and personalities to be met and that they can develop their own identity and have a positive self-image. Discrimination may be as a result of prejudice. Any practice should celebrate cultural differences by introducing toys and resources from all faiths and cultures. These do not have to be introduced just because a child of a different faith or background has started to attend but should be common place as we are form a very diverse culture. This is good practice so all children will not have preconceived ideas but are open to absorb the experiences of others. UNICEF the convention states that every child has the right to a childhood, to be educated, to be healthy, to be treated fairly and the right to be heard. Describe why it is important to plan activities that meet the individual needs of children. It is important to plan activities around each individual child to ensure that their emotional and development needs are met. Unique child states children often learn and develop best when they are doing an activity that they enjoy. EY Statutory framework says that we as practitioners must consider each individuals needs and plan activities that are challenging and enjoyable for each child. Each child should be designated their own key worker so that they can act as the main caregiver. They should participate in the everyday routines and the planning and assessments for each child. All practitioners should follow a cycle of planning, assessment and observation for the children in their care. When observation takes place it is important to see how the child acts when playing freely. We are able to see what their interests are and what they are able to do for themselves. Through these observations we are able to see what a childs knowledge and understanding their skills and abilities b ut we are not putting undue pressure on the child. Through assessments we are able to see how well their can actually perform different tasks and allows them to put in practice this knowledge. When looking at the planning stage we are able to draw on our findings from assessment and observation and plan activities for building activities moulded for the child, for example if a child needs to perhaps build on their fine motor skills and loves cars, we could encourage them to make cars using Lego. Following this process allows us to stimulate and stretch a childs understanding and ability but not so much that they lose interest or are negatively affected by an activity that may yet be too hard that they are unable to complete. Differentiation is when these activities are adapted to the needs of each individual so they can participate fully in all activities. This includes adult interaction, specialist equipment adapting resources communication and langue assistance. A Unique child it states that all children within a group will be at different stages of development and will need different levels of support. With variable learning outcomes it enables us to have an individual outcome for each child to achieve. Explain how the practitioner can promote the children’s physical and emotional wellbeing within an early setting. Promoting health and wellbeing is essential in all practices. All children should feel safe and happy when in someone’s care. To aid a child to feel safe when joining they should be assigned a key worker who will be the first point of contact for both child and parents. A Unique child states that independent learning should be promoted, through our observations and planning this can be achieved as tasks can be set and the child encouraged making choices. Children should be encourage to interact with others and model behaviour on good role models. Movement should also be promoted through either indoor or outdoor play.

Use of Allegory and Symbols in William Goldgings Lord of the Flies Es

Use of Allegory and Symbols in William Goldging's Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Golding's Lord of the Flies allegorically shows the good and evil that co-exists in every human being.   Each character and symbol renders this possible by what it represents.   Ralph and Jack allegorically represent opposing political forces: Jack as the dictator or fascist and Ralph as the prototype of a democratic leader.   The island represents the archetypal garden and the conch shell represents power.   Golding uses British schoolboys to show progressive degeneration and to prove that a little bit of evil exists in all of us.   Each of these symbols aid in proving that we all have some evil in our hearts.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Ralph begins the story as a carefree boy who does not understand the tragedy befallen upon the boys.   Ralph soon realizes a need for authority and becomes the true leader of the boys.   He represents a democratic leader and a traditional form of government.   To enforce a parliamentary procedure, he uses to conch shell.   It symbolizes power and authority.   No boys are aloud to speak at a meeting without holding the conch.   He symbolizes the exact opposite of Jack; his evil and rage remain well hidden which aides in keeping peace on the island for most of the time.   In one scene, when Jack and Ralph are brought together physically after Jack refuses to help build the huts, Golding seems to prepare the way for a larger contrast of two life-views as he opposes Jack-the-hunter to Ralph-the-builder.   Ralph also helps to bridge the world of his common sense and Piggy's intelligence.   Golding's comparisons are reminiscent of moral allegories.   Ralph could not defend civilized ideals without his sidekick Piggy's insightful ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Pig... ... parachutist symbolizes as the past, the legacy taught by history, which the older generation always expects the younger generation to accept and follow.   It could also represent the wellspring of evil, which becomes manifest most obviously in the act of one man killing another.   Perhaps it represents fallen man, whom Simon later redeems or sets free.     Ã‚  Ã‚   Lord of the Flies teaches many valuable lessons about evil and its impact on human behavior.   Golding uses allegory effectively to remind us of this potential hazard. Recent events in Afghanistan and New York City painfully remind us of this flaw in human nature.   Hopefully, this powerful novel will open people's eyes to the evil inside of them so they will not make the mistakes made by the characters in this book. Works Cited: Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York: Putnam Publishing, 1954.

Organic vs. Conventional Grown Food Flavor Essay

Ever wonder what truly goes in to the food that is produced and sold in our grocery stores. You would be surprised as to what is used to grow the food we eat. Conventionally grown foods can use trace amount of nicotine and arsenic to keep food pest free. Conventionally grown food can be pumped with hormones that allow the crops and animals to grow larger or produce more fruit and vegetables. By using all of the artificial products in conventionally grown food we change the flavor, size and color of fruit, vegetables and animals, including their byproducts. People may not realize what is used to grow these huge vegetables and chicken breasts. Organically grown food is not only tastier but also has more health benefits when compared to conventionally grown food. We will discover the benefits and disadvantages to both organic and conventionally grown food. This will provide the reader with tools to make a decision on to whether to use organic or conventionally grown food. In order for food to be called organic, it must be grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. Although organic foods carry very minute levels of toxin naturally present in them, they are not harmful to us at these levels. By not using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic foods can naturally develop the nutrients and vitamins that a person needs to maintain a healthy, well balanced diet. Keeping these foods the way they naturally grown allows them to develop larger and more full of these valuable items that would be reduced because of the many chemicals and pesticides used to grow the convention foods. As to whether organic food is tastier, is up to the individual. Many professional chefs and home cooks prefer to use organic food when possible because they feel the flavors are stronger and taste more natural. Organic food is richer in color; therefore making the dishes not only taste better but help also to create a more appealing presentation. To them organic food has a fresher taste and a more natural flavor because the food is allowed to grow naturally and develop the way it would occur as nature intended it to. Organic food does cost more because of the time it takes to prepare the soil and let the food grow as nature intended. This cost more in labor and time so that the price for these can be inflated. When you take into consideration the health benefits of not putting in harmful chemicals and better taste of the food, they outweigh the cost of purchasing these products Conventionally grown foods are grown with a large amount of chemicals and pesticides that can be harmful to consumers in the long wrong. Now there are arguments that the levels of these products are so small that they are not harmful to consumers; but there are plenty of signs to the contrary. Look at how rapidly and early boys and girls are maturing compare to those of the past. This can be accounted for or â€Å"blamed† on the amount of hormones fed to animals to grow them larger and enhance them, so that they produce more by products, such as eggs and milk. The chemicals used to grow larger crops and protect them from rotting and pest also has negative effects. It has caused a rise in allergies that was just not prominent twenty or thirty years ago. The shorten times of growth that conventionally grown foods have can stunt the development of vital nutrients that they would produce if they were to be grown in the normal periods they would have. This can really have a negative effect on having a balanced diet because consumers will have to add supplements, like synthetic vitamins, to get their daily nutrient levels. Again, as to whether conventionally grown food taste better or worse, is up to the individual but most professional chefs feel it does not taste as fresh or has natural flavors like those in organic food. The flavor in conventionally grown food is not as developed because it has shortened growth time. Fruit, vegetables and animals need time to naturally develop and grow as nature intended them to so they can develop all of the good stuff we love. Conventionally grown food does cost less because it is grown so fast and in mass quantities without care for the environment or any harmful effects to the consumers. The short-term side effects are not as bad to the long-term side effects that will be passed on to generations upon generation. Saving a dollar at the risk of a person’s health seems to me to be a very large risk that is not necessary. Organically grown food is a much better choice because more naturally nutrients, better developed flavors and appearance even if the cost of purchasing them is higher. Conventionally grown food is the exact opposite. The chemicals and hormones are resulting in early development in our children and an increase in the levels of people with allergies. Professional chefs prefer organic food to conventional food because it develops the flavor profiles of their dishes more and improves the appearance of it as well. Just because the cost of conventionally grown food is lower than that of organically grown food, the disadvantages of them are much higher. Risking the future of our children is simply not worth saving a few dollars. It is up to the individual as to where to choose organic food but choosing it will provide the tools for a brighter tomorrow and a healthier today. We need to teach our children healthier ways to eat and live, if we expect them to grown up and live productive lives.

The Things They Carried Essay

The Things They Carried Essay Number Three Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, is a novel composed of war stories from the Vietnam War. O’Brien tells the stories of not only himself, but stories from the men with whom he fought alongside. The main idea of the book is what these men carried, which was not only tangible objects, but emotions as well. Digging deeper into this meaning, many of the stories were changed from their true and factual selves to half true and half fictitious stories based on that person’s emotions at that time. Many writers, such as Tim O’Brien, find more truth in fiction than on the actual occurring event.In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried there is a blurred line between fact and fiction and the real Tim O’Brien and Tim’s character. Tim’s character represents his truth from his emotional views and the narrator Tim tells what really happened. Tim O’Brien’s charac ter in The Things They Carried looked in the faces of the dead, but in reality he did not have the strength to look into the faces of the deceased. He could call this his own truth because his emotions are what he was writing down. All he did was take the way that he felt and added details and faces to events that actually occurred.For most people this is their own truth. Everybody has their own truth because memories are driven by emotion and the emotions can sometimes temporarily or even permanently block out what really happened and a story from factual events is created. Throughout the majority of the novel Tim uses character Tim over narrator Tim, but he does occasionally distinguish fact from emotions. During the instance when O’Brien’s daughter asks him if he has ever killed a man O’Brien hesitates in a truthful answer. It seems as though he is greatly conflicted because he feels as if he has killed a man, but he never actually killed a man.It is as if by him being a part of the war and not helping the dying men it is a fault of his that he could not help to save them by stopping it. His emotions told him he was a murderer who looked in the face of his victim, who was a young boy he created a life story for; when in reality that boy was never his kill. To the reader it seems that he is contradicting himself, but in actuality he is differentiating between himself and his emotional character. In the chapter, â€Å"How to Write a True War Story,† O’Brien tells the reader about the blurred line between fact and fiction.He tells us what a true war story is and what it is not. According to O’Brien a true war story is never moral, instructing, or uplifting. He also tells us that in a true war story, â€Å"it’s difficult to separate what happened from what seemed to happen. † He also tells us that it is â€Å"a hard an exact truth as it seemed. † This is where the lines become blurred. As it seems f rom the way O’Brien speaks, men do not have the courage to witness entire incidences such as Curt Lemon’s death. He writes that they watch pieces of it, close their eyes, and open them some more. Everything they remember seems true to them based on the facts.Readers may never truly know what happened, but they do know what that person was feeling based on the way the story was told. There is no clear line between fact and story for author Tim O’Brien. To him the lines blur together from time apart from the event and remembering the emotions felt. His novel The Things They Carried represents this idea through its use of storytelling. All of his short stories pieced together to create the novel each represent a different form of truth for different men along with Tim. O’Brien was successful in using this blurred line between fact and story for his war stories.

Auschwitz2 essays

Auschwitz2 essays Located thirty-seven miles west of Krakow, Auschwitz was the camp where Jewish people were killed and worked. This camp, out of all the rest tortured the most people. At the camp there was a place called the "Black Wall," this was where the people were executed. In March of 1941, there was another camp that started to be built. This second camp was called Auschwitz II, or Birkinau. It was located 1.9 miles away from Auschwitz I. People that were chosen to come to these camps were expelled from their homes. Their houses were destroyed for the purpose of building Birkinau. Birkinau had nine sub-units. Electrically charged fences that lined their borders separated them from each other. In August 1942, the women's section at Auscwitz I was moved to Birkinau. Nine hundred and ninety-nine women from Ravensbruck camp and other women from different camps joined them also. Birkinau now had over 6,000 women prisoners being held. In the town Monowitz, another camp was being built. This camp was called Auschwitz III, or Buna-Monowitz. Other camps that were located close to Monowitz were moved to Buna-Monowitz. The population of Bikinau was the most densely populated out of all the camps. It also had the most cruel and bad conditions of all the camps in the complex. The prisoners at Birkinau mostly consisted of Jews, Poles, and Germans. There were a number of Gipsy and Czech Jew family camps located at Birkinau for a period of time also. In Birkinau, the gas chambers and the crematoria, where the bodies were burned operated at Auschwitz I. Birkinau and all the other sub-camps were mostly forced labour camps. The most recognised of the labour camps are Budy, Czechowitz, Glenwitz, Rajsko, and Furstenarube. The prisoners here were worked to the Point of death. Trains transported people to the camps, and violently forced them off the train. All of the people's property was left on the train also. They prisoners ...

Corporate Finance Law Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporate Finance Law - Personal Statement Example It is this reason that led me to pick my thesis proposal title as; ‘Critically evaluate the way in which Islamic financial institutions have looked to develop their corporate governance in comparison with the western world, particularly the UK and the US, in the wake of the global economic crisis with a view to enhancing their position within the global economy.’ I believe that my Masters research, which I successfully undertook in your esteemed institution with my dissertation topic being ‘Can Islamic Finance Provide Sufficient Legal Guarantees for Conventional Western Investors?’ has prepared me in seeking a career towards International banking law. I have since developed a passion for research in corporate governance in international financial institutions and would like to adopt a career path in this field. Although my key strengths lie in this field, I strongly believe that the program will enable me develop expertise on not only my field, but on other related fields, for example, regulating banking practices. Earning a PhD in your esteemed organization would aid me to further my skills and ultimately act as the springboard of my career. I hope the admissions committee finds my strengths and background satisfactory for admittance into the Westminster University for a PhD

Organisational Behaviour and Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational Behaviour and Tourism - Essay Example ‘ Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model for Leading Change’ leadership thoughts viewed 3 May 2013 16 Introduction In current economic times, internal and external factors that affect an organization are changing at a very fast and sometimes the future is unpredictable especially for multinational companies that operate in different external environmental factors such as political, economic, social and technological factors. The organization needs to redevelop a strategy to survive, adjust and continue operating in the hard times (Ates and Bititci 2011, P. 5601). The ability to overcome the challenges that comes with the changes helps the business to grow and offer innovative products to its customers. Global economic down turn is causing turbulence in business environment and many companies have not been able to achieve their goals and profitability and therefore the need to change their business strategy as well as restructuring their operations. Changes in an organizatio n if not properly planned and implemented may fail to attain the expected objectives affecting the organization negatively. In some cases the managers fail to involve their employees in the planning stage and there the employees who are the implementors resist the changes especially if the changes have a negative impact on them (Blomme 2012, P. 9). In a dynamic business environment, the situations that necessitated the change may seize to exist and the execution of the planned changes may create more challenges. To avoid the negative impacts of changes in an organization the company need to conduct an analysis of their current position and understand its future expectations’, analysis their business environment and involve all the stakeholders, design the strategy, predict the outcomes and prepare to handle the negative outcome. This paper will critically evaluate the current position of the France based Car Parts manufacturing company and recommend the best approach the mana gers can take to avert the expected outcomes through several theories and outcomes. D2 Company D2 is a multinational car spare parts manufacturing company that operates in three countries namely France, Spain and United Kingdom. The company’s headquarter based in France where it also operates two manufacturing plants and one plant the other countries. The main objective of the company is to increase their profitability by product improvements, improving and developing their employees and use of advanced technology. Previously the company has managed to offer valuable returns to its shareholders by sustaining their competitive advantages despite the ever increasing competition from other organization especially companies based in low cost regions. The current economic hard economic times that have changed the supply and demand chain due to high cost of living and low purchasing power on non basic products the company is not able to meet its objectives. The company’s to management has in turn formulated a new strategy to reduce the management and production cost by stopping manufacturing of some products and operating less facilities. However they have not involved their staff and they are yet to inform them of their decision and in fact the top managers have created the impression that they will be expanding some of their facilities soon. This strategy may have negative impact o

International business Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

International business - Personal Statement Example I believe that through the course I can gain sufficient knowledge to be able to handle such issues and other related problems associated with international business. My previous educational background has also motivated me to apply for this course. I am currently a BA student in this institution, which is relevant to my course because it entails business issues. So far, I have learned a lot about business administration and management, and I would like to widen this knowledge further to the international level. My choice to apply for the course in this school is because as a student here I have known the institution to be an excellent place. The culture of the school and its diversity are great opportunities to reckon, and they blend with my philosophy. The school values development of leaders and creation of knowledge in business issues, and that is exactly what I believe in. Business rocks the world; this institution creates knowledge in business; and I choose to be here. I am hoping to get a positive feedback from you soon. Thank you for your

Social Integration Essay Example for Free

Social Integration Essay India from time immemorial, people belonging to various religious faiths lived in harmony and peace. There are fundamental values and traditions in our culture that promote integration among different communities. This was helpful for the growth of a great civilization in the Indian sub-continent. It will be our endeavour as the citizens of this country to preserve the rich tradition of Social Harmony among diverse religious and ethnic groups and pass it over to the future generations. Even though communal tensions in India are well under control, there is no place for omplacency as many internal and external forces are waiting with their ulterior motives sowing the seeds of ill-will. Human needs can be found as the same everywhere in the world if we look at it from biological and psychological perspectives. Irrespective of the geographic, linguistic or religious differences humans everywhere have common biological needs like hunger, thirst, sex etc; the satisfaction of which is essential for their survival. Similarly man has psychological needs like, need for recognition, need for companionship, need for security, need for prestige etc. he fulfillment of which is inevitable for maintaining sound mental health. Man cannot satisfy most of such needs through his own individual efforts. He requires the assistance of his fellow members of the group in this regard. That is why human beings are considered as social animals. A cooperative integrated society is most congenial for leading a healthy social life. Religion is one of the social institutions found in all human societies. It assists man to establish and maintain harmonious relationships with the supernatural forces that are believed to have direct influence in the fortunes of man. Moreover religion is one of the agents contributing to the integration of society. Religion provides We feeling among its members. Performance of religious rites, participation in festivals, leadership provided by priests and religious functionaries, following many common beliefs and values, etc reinforces the unity among the members of a religion. Even though holy books and teachings of each religion claim that they help man reach God, none of them propagate hatred against other faiths. All religions in their essence assist people to live in harmony with members of the society. According to Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India the communal problem is not a religious problem, it has nothing to do with religion. Nobody can blame the presence of diverse religions for the emergence of communal problems in the world. Even though all religions proclaim the universal brotherhood of man, history is full of bloody, violent conflicts between members of different religions. Many battles were fought between Muslims and Christians, Jews and Muslims, Hindus and Muslims and so on in the past. Many such struggles are going on even now like the conflict etween Muslims and Jews in Palestine. A deeper analysis of the causative factors of these conflicts shows that in all these situations non-religious, often political and economic interests were instrumental to these problems. Religious identity was used root cause of communalism is not the presence of many religions in the country. When religious sentiments are exploited with an economic or political motive the resultant effect gives rise to the genesis of communalism. According to Madan (2001) communalism is the political expression of religion. He defined communalism as an deology, which envisages the religious community as a political group committed to the protection and promotion of its social and economic interests and cultural values. While communalism is a feeling or state of mind existing at a psychological level, communal conflict or riot is its overt expression. Once generated, communalism remains in the minds of people always, and communal conflicts emerge only occasionally when there is a total breakdown in the good relations between two communities. From a sociological perspective social conflict by its very nature cannot ontinue indefinitely. During communal violence each community used it as an occasion to harm the interests of the rival community who may be socially or economically sound. The feelings of relative deprivation felt by one community is often converted into violent attacks against a well placed community. This is what happened in 1984 when there were violent attacks against the Sikhs in different parts of the country after the assassination of the then Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi by her body guards who happened to be from the Sikh community. Investigations onducted later by sociologists and many other social scientists proved that Sikhs who were economically well placed were attacked and members of other communities who were Jealous of their prosperity looted their shops. People with vested interests to attain their ulterior goals exploited this particular context by exploiting the religious sentiments. One must not confuse communalism with communal violence, rioting etc. Poorly conceived Communal ideology leads to communal violence. Communal violence is a consequence of the spread of misunderstood and ill-conceived communal ideology. But it is not the crux of the communal situation at all. Communal ideology cannot only exist, but can grow for decades before it takes the form of violence. This book contains some of the selected papers presented in the National Conference on Social Integration and Communal Harmony organized by the Kerala Sociological Society from 1st to 3rd December 2006 at Sree Narayana College, Thiruvananthapuram. Prof. N. R. Madhava Menon in his paper Constitutionalism and Management of Diversity in Multi-cultural Societies deals with the significance of Indian Constitution o manage various problems in a multi-cultural society. He points out that secularism is a basic feature of the constitution which cannot be changed even by parliament. There is no state religion and the state is prohibited against discrimination on the basis of religion. He believes that for multi-culturalism can survive and communal harmony can prevail only when we ensure equality of status among people and second part of the paper, the author focuses his attention on the concept of social integration. He notices that the constitutional strategy to promote fraternity is helpful to attain social integration. In this context the author recommends a Uniform Civil Code for the entire nation. However, political parties do not support this view because no political party is ready to talk about it, because of the vested interests involved especially because of the vote bank politics. In her paper, Social Integration and Communal Harmony, Prof. M. Indukumari presents the multiple factors and contexts that influence social integration and communal harmony. First of all she explains the significance of this theme in the present Indian context. According to her view, the prime concern of any nation iming at development should be the attainment of social / national integration. Moreover, she argues that despite some differences at ritual, social and cultural levels among different religions, there is conspicuous commonality at the level of values that promotes communal harmony. The author lists many examples of inter religious co-operation that exist in Kerala for a long period. However, she also points out that this rosy picture of Kerala is changing gradually and this society has started showing symptoms of religious intolerance and communal violence. This paper gives due consideration towards the debate on the need for a Uniform Civil Code for India. Another concern of this paper is to show how communal violence affects the interests of the vulnerable sections like women, religious minorities, tribals, dalits etc. The author expresses confidence that NGOs can play a crucial role in maintaining communal harmony. In the concluding part of the paper she identifies certain strategies to promote communal harmony. On the whole this paper provides a comprehensive picture of social integration and communal harmony in India. M. K. George in his article on Tolerance is various faiths attempted to highlight how various faiths and religions can contribute to the building of tolerance in the world. He stresses that every religion contains components of belief, rituals, information and knowledge, behavioural consequences and the expectations that guide the whole system. The author briefly looks at Bhuddhism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Hinuduism and observes that in discussing religion as an instrument of peace and harmony one needs to make this distinction between religiosity, which only can ivide, and spirituality which can unite all believers. Religiosity focuses on differences, where as spirituality emphasizes what is common. Spirituality provides meaning to life and reality. Spritiuality connects, with the self, others, god and native. He stresses that the social scenario in India and the world over demands an active Youth population striving for peace and tolerance and hence the Youth needs to take this agenda. The paper Secular Legacy and Communal Paradox The case of Kerala contributed by Dr. Antony Palackal presents some unconventional interpretations of the communal ituation in Kerala. The author observes that secularism, the characteristic facet of nowadays there seems to be an alarming spread of communal and fascist forces in the State. This article marks an enquiry into the characteristics and dynamics of the emergent communalism in Kerala and tries to trace its secular legacy and the communal paradox. The first part of the paper seeks to unfold the secular legacy and the opposite reality of communalism that has engulfed it. The second part is a discussion on the unique forms of communal manifestations in Kerala. The third part s an exploration into the evolution of the growing communalism in Kerala. The concluding section briefly sketches the relation between communalism and spirituality vis-Â ¤-vis religion and the possible manner in which the growing menace of communalism may be addressed. The paper reveals that communalism gives rise to a heightened sense of identity and belongingness as it operates on the basis of the theory of polarization. Polarization results in emotional, mental or physical mobilization of individuals and groups to cause cohesion within a group . However it divides people as members of larges communities. The author feels that religious and/or caste sectarianism and communal interests dominate most of our political life today. The paper conclude with an optimistic note that a viable alternative to the prevailing communal paradox appears to be the resurgence of societal consciousness born out of neo-renaissance movements capable of regaining the lost secular legacy of Kerala. The paper Hindu Response to Conversion Threat: Questions on Conversion and Social Equality written by ShaJi. A is undertaking a historical analysis of the communal situation in 20th Century Kerala. The major focus of this paper is on The Temple Entry Proclamation of Travancore, 1936 that was a turning point in the history of modern Kerala. This proclamation put an end to the inhuman practice of untouchability and it opened a new future to the oppressed classes in Travancore. The author notices that before 1936 several low caste people of Travancore including Ezhavas converted themselves into other religions especially Christianity since they found it as the easiest way to escape from the caste tyranny. However, Sree Narayana Guru, leader of SNDP movement was successful in reventing this tide of conversion to Christianity or to Buddhism. The Ezhavas were also interested in Islam and Sikhism. When the low caste Hindus including Ezhavas started large-scale conversion to Christianity, it became an eye-opener for progressive Hindu reformers. Efforts were made to bring back the converted Hindus to Hinduism under the initiative of the Hindu Mission. By permitting entry to all Hindus to the temples, low caste Hindus including Ezhavas were retained in their religion. This paper clearly explains how Temple Entry Proclamation assisted the Hindu leaders to meet the challenges of conversion.

Relationship between business and the local, national and global

Relationship between business and the local, national and global The aim of this unit is to provide learners with an understanding of different organisations, the influence of stakeholders and the relationship between business and the local, national and global environments. Q1: Identify the purposes of different types of organisation? Ans: ORGANIZATION DEFINITION: An organization is a social arrangement which brings towards collective goals, controls its own performance, and it has a boundary to make it separate from its environment. The word I is derived from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better-known word ergon. TYPES: Bureaucratic structures Bureaucratic structures have a certain degree of standardization. They are better suited for more complex or larger scale organizations. They usually adopt a tall structure. Then tension between bureaucratic structures and non-bureaucratic is echoed in Burns and Stalked distinction between mechanistic and organic structures. It is not the entire thing about bureaucratic structure. It is very much complex and useful for hierarchical structures organization, mostly in tall organizations. Functional structure Employees within the functional divisions of an organization plan to perform a specified set of tasks, for instance the engineering department would be staffed only with software engineers. This leads to operational efficiencies within that group. However it could also lead to a lack of communication between other fields because these people jst tend to theie limited. Divisional structure Also called a product structure, the divisional structure groups each organizational function into a divisions. Each division within a divisional structure contains all the necessary resources and functions within it. Divisions can be divided from different points of view. There can be made a distinction on geographical basi or on product/service basis. Another example, an automobile company with a divisional structure might have one division for SUVs, another division for subcompact cars, and another division for sedans. Each division would have its own sales, engineering and marketing departments. Matrix structure The matrix structure groups employees by both function and product. This structure can combine the best of all other separate structures.This structure is often used by different employes to complete some tasks in order to take advantage of combine strengths and to finish weaknesses. An example would be a company that produces two products, product a and product b. Using the matrix structure, this company would organize functions within the company as follows: product a sales department, product a customer service department, product a accounting, product b sales department, product b customer service department, product b accounting department. Matrix structure is amongst the purest of organizational structures, a simple lattice emulating order and regularity demonstrated in nature. Team One of the newest organizational structure which is developed in 20th century .In small Business the team structure can be defined as the entire organization. Teams can be both horizontal and vertical.while an organization is comprises as a set of people who meet to achieve newer dimensions, the quality of organizational structure revolves around the competencies of teams in totality. For example every one of the whole food market, the largest natural-foods grocer in the US developing a focused strategy.While team leaders in any store or in any region are also a team. Q2: Describe the extent to which an organization meets the objectives of different stakeholders? Ans: Definition: It is called the measure to which an organization fulfil the goals and overview the problems of stakeholders by taking review of their whole business cases. Major differences in how organizations carry out the various steps and activities in the strategic planning process are more of a matter of the size of the organization than its for-profit/nonprofit status. Small nonprofits and small for-profits tend to conduct somewhat similar planning activities that are different from those conducted in large organizations. On the other hand, large nonprofits and large for-profits tend to conduct somewhat similar planning activities that are different from those conducted in small organizations. (The focus of the planning activities is often different between for-profits and nonprofits. Nonprofits tend to focus more on matters of board development, fundraising and volunteer management. For-profits tend to focus more on activities to maximize profit. Also, with the size of the organization, differences in how organizations carry out the planning activities are more of a matter of the nature of the inclusion in the organization than its for-profit/nonprofit status. For example, detail given people may prefer a linear, top-down, general-to-specific approach to planning. On the other hand, rather artistic and highly reflective people may favor of a highly divergent and organic approach to planning. Q: Explain the responsibilities of an organization and strategies employed to meet them? Ans: It Is defied as the the duty and well being of the staff , contractors and the population in the area where it operates. Organisations also have a responsibility to ensure that others are not put at risk by their work-related activities, including driving. These factors, therefore, point to a need to carry out an assessment of the health and safety risks for employees while they are at work, and to other people who might be affected by their work activities. Organisations should also looks at its employers which includes in it the data of the employers should be be kept in privacy and should provide them with all the peace of mind. Organisations should also lookafter the environment means factory where the production takes place the surrounding area .They should make sure that the surrounding area including population , land and other things should not b harmed by their activities. Organizational members, themselves, should be giving remarkable to what these new responsibilities should be, rather than leaving this task to management. It is also the responsibility of the organisatios to make peace of mind of costumers and making their will by advertising their products in a well manner . A greater awareness of environmental issues, working conditions and social responsibility has led an increasing number of consumers to take these aspects into consideration when shopping. If the chief executive isnt fully behind the program, employees will certainly notice and this apparent hypocrisy may cause such cynicism that the organization may be worse off than having no formal ethics program at all. Therefore, the chief executive should announce the program, and champion its development and implementation. Most important, the chief executive should consistently aspire to lead in an ethical manner. If a mistake is made, admit it. Q: Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively? Ans: The allocated resources are the resources in a business by which we can sale our products without the review of these resources we cannot take our business to the market. The major function of an economic system is to work out the basic economic problems which are; What is to be produced, How is it to be produced, For whom to produce and How efficient is the use of resources. These economic problems are caused by the fact that resources are limited but human wants are unlimited. Therefore, every country desires to adopt an appropriate system which will result in efficient allocation of resources so as to avoid scarcity. There are three systems used for this purpose which are: Command economic system Mixed economic system Free market economic system In a command economic system resources are allocated by the government through their planning system. The main role in this system are government , employes and consumers. All system is owned by the government. The Market system of economy which is also called the price system simply put is a means of allocating resources in which the resources are allocated by the market mechanism and the major economic problems are resolved by private individuals. In mixed economic system resources are allocated by the government and the stakeholders as well And this system is owned by the two parties I.e. government and the investers as well. some resources are allocated through the price or market mechanism and others are allocated by the state. In theory, such a system is able to combine the best elements of both a planned economy and a market economy. In reality, the proportion of planned and market varies, with some countries placing more emphasis on market solutions to resource allocations and others favouring a greater role for state planning. Third one is called pure economic system but it is rarely found. a market economy answers the three questions that form the economic problem through a market system. The market system is based on the demand and supply of products. Demand and supply determine prices and prices act as signals to both producers and consumers . The market system depends on a number of terms to ensure it is working properly. the profit motive _the incentive for a reward for enterprise Good levels of information being available to both producers and consumers Price accurately reflecting the costs and benefits of consumption and production The ease with which resources can move to different uses If I buy a usb priced at  £12.99 but do not like the music on it, I might decide that I was not getting  £12.99 worth of value I could have used that  £12.99 to better effect by buying something else that would have given me more satisfaction. In short there should ba an understanding between the costumers and the producers for the well being of this system and for the progress of this business. Q: Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organizations and their impact? Ans: This Paper compares the dynamic impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic variables implied by a large class of general equilibrium models with the empirical results from an identified vector autoregression. In the data we find that positive innovations in government spending are followed by strong and persistent increase There is a strong relationship between between public expenditure , reforms and growth as fiscal adjudjustments are created by reforms and growth. Assessing the effect of monetary policy and wage bargaining on employement and inflation in the European monetary union in the first step a kay kensyen is developed. Fiscal policy changes can be targeted to affect certain groups (e.g. increases in means-tested benefits for low income households, reductions in the rate of corporation tax for small-medium sized enterprises, investment allowances for businesses in certain regions) Consider too the effects of using either monetary or fiscal policy to achieve a given increase in national income because actual GDP. Lower interest rates will lead to an increase in both consumer and fixed capital spending both of which increases current equilibrium national income. Since investment spending results in a larger capital stock, then incomes in the future will also be higher through the impact on LRAS. When the economy is in a recession (when business and consumer confidence is very low and perhaps where deflationary pressures are taking hold) monetary policy may be ineffective in increasing current national spending and income. The problems experienced by the Japanese in trying to stimulate their economy through a zero-interest rate policy might be mentioned here. The government has introduced a lower starting rate of income tax for lower income earners. This is designed to provide an incentive for people to work extra hours and keep more of what they earn. Changes to the tax and benefit system also seek to reduce the risk of the poverty trap where households on low incomes see little net financial benefit from supplying extra hours of their labour. If tax and benefit reforms can improve incentives and lead to an increase in the labour supply, this will help to reduce the equilibrium rate of unemployment (the NAIRU) and thereby increase the economys non-inflationary growth rate. Taxation and the Pattern of Demand Changes to indirect taxes in particular can have an effect on the pattern of demand for goods and services. For example, the rising value of duty on cigarettes and alcohol is designed to cause a substitution effect among consumers and thereby reduce the demand for what are perceived as de-merit goods. In contrast, a government financial subsidy to producers has the effect of reducing their costs of production, lowering the market price and encouraging an expansion of demand. The use of indirect taxation and subsidies is often justified on the grounds of instances of market failure. But there might also be a justification based on achieving a more equitable allocation of resources e.g. providing basic state health care free at the point of use. Taxation and labour productivity Some economists argue that taxes can have a significant effect on the intensity with which people work and their overall efficiency and productivity. But there is little substantive empirical evidence to support this view. Many factors contribute to improving productivity tax changes can play a role but isolating the impact of tax cuts on producti Q: Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organization? Ans: A set of laws, practices and procedures aimed at enhancing the economic efficiency of the provision of goods and services by maximizing competition among suppliers and consumers in a market or market-like environment is called competition policy. Competition policy is one of the Singapore issues , or new issue that were introduced at the first wto conference held in Singapore in 1996.According to the declaration of the Singapore minestarial conference a working group is to be established to study issues raised by members concerning the interaction between trade and policy in order to identify possible areas that may be subject of a mulatilateral framework agreemenat. When markets deviate from competitive ideals, assessing the desirability of government intervention requires a careful assessment of the costs of market failures relative to the benefits of imperfect regulation. The recognition that even imperfect markets may be preferable to regulated outcomes accompanied a dramatic transformation in the nature and extent of government intervention across a broad range of markets over the past thirty years. Many industries long subject to price and entry regulation in the United States among them airlines, trucking, railroads, and banking were deregulated. NBER researchers continue in the vanguard of research, market design, and implementation of electricity restructuring. Much of the empirical work to date has focused on restructured generation markets, in which prices generally are determined through a competitive bidding process. Some of the topics or development of projects encouraged in this PA may also be more suitable for a small project grant (projects requesting total costs of $100,000 or less) (R03). If so, applicants are encouraged to apply under the procedures outlined in the AHRQ Small Research Grant Program PA, published in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts (NIH Guide), January 2, 2001. Competition should be in business because in this way we can represent our products in a well maner for example take mc donalds as an organization . When we talk about competition In mc donalds we have to keep eye on a lot of aspects which are by 1s competitions we should take care that others are not gona harm. Special offers should be kept in such a way that other branches should not take negative effect by it . It depends on the location as well means if some where rents are higher and the branch cannot afford it So therefore it is difficult for them to make some promotional offers. Q: Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of businesses? Ans: A variety of recent proposals rely heavily on market forces as a means of controlling hospital cost inflation. Sceptics argue, however, that increased competition might lead to cost-increasing acquisitions of specialized clinical services and other forms of non-price competition as means of attracting physicians and patients. Using data from hospitals in 1972 we analyzed the impact of market structure on average hospital costs, measured in terms of both cost per patient and cost per patient day. Under the retrospective reimbursement system in place at the time, hospitals in more competitive environments exhibited significantly higher costs of production than did those in less competitive environments. Conventional wisdom has it that a large part of the explanation of Keynesian unemployment is the observe rigidities and prices. What has been lacking however is a satisfactory theory which explains how wages and prices can be at non market clearing level. If all firms in an industry actin concert to determine pricing policies, they can maximize their combined profits . Traditional oligopoly theories widely appericiate this fact and therefore they desire to collude to maximize their joint long run profits. It also suggests that the character and scope of collusive conduct is related to the structural and legal conditions cotfronting the firms in a market. Growth theorists have investigated extensively the idea that technological progress is endogenous and driven by market forces. General equilibrium (GE) models developed to explain these forces depart from the traditional theory of growth. Since innovation requires profit-seeking firms to undertake up-front research and development (RD), the factors determining the incentives to undertake RD in imperfect markets are central to the seminal theories of Romer (1990), Grossman and Helpman (1991), and Aghion, P. and Howitt, P., 1992. A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica 60, pp. 323-351Aghion and Howitt (1992). These contributions, however, downplay the role of market structure. In contrast, an important strand of literature in Industrial organization (IO) argues that market structure is a key factor determining RD investment because it captures features of the business environment, like the size and number of firms, barriers to entry, and diversification. These fact ors determine market rivalry which, in turn, determines the opportunities and constraints that firms face when planning. The financial structure and oligopoly have at least one common feature both place little emphasis on the strategic relationship between financial decisions and output market decisions. In financial theory , the product market is typically assumed to offer an exogenous random returns which is un affected by the debt equity positions of the firms in the market. A structural model is proposed which integrates and extends previous findings on the interrelations between risk-return outcomes, market share, firm conduct attributes, and inter-firm rivalry. It is argued that the relative impact of market share and firm conduct attributes on risk-return outcomes depends on the intensity of rivalry By these market structure kinds we can determine these policies very well and can get achieveable goals by making business on the top. Q: illustrate the way in which market forces shape organizational responses using a range of examples? Ans: An organization is a collection of people working together under a defined structure for the purpose of achieving predetermined outcomes through the use of financial, human, and material resources. There are a number of approaches to the structure and management of organizations. Forces of demand and supply representing the aggregate influenceof self-interested buyers and sellers on price and quantity of the goods and services offered in a market. In general, excess-demand causes prices and quantity of supply to rise, and excess supply causes them to fall The market forces also effect the organisatioal structure in thses five steps which are illustrated as below: The entry of competitors (how easy or difficult is it for new entrants to start to compete, which barriers do survive) The fear of substitutes (how easy can our product or service be produced, especially cheaper) The bargaining power of buyers (how strong is the position of buyers, can they work together to order large volumes) The bargaining power of suppliers (how strong is the position of sellers, are there many or only few potential suppliers, is there a monopoly) The rivalry among the existing players (is there a strong competition between the existing players, is one player very dominant or all all equal in strength/size) Some academics believe that a sixth force could be included government. A well-arranges organization is particularly important to call centers, given that the powerful pooling principle the immutable law that says consolidation of resources will result in improved efficiencies lies at the heart of call center effectiveness. In fact, when call centers began catching on several decades ago, the big challenge was to get callers to abandon the need to reach specific individuals. Today, as building customer relationships and loyalty have reached the forefront of strategy, the need to develop effective, collaborative organizations is more important than ever. However, there is an unfortunate paradox at work in many organizations. On one hand, the organizational design is constantly exerting its forces as it channels communications, shapes protocol and establishes lines of authority. It is one of the most influential and visible aspects of any enterprise. Most managers can draw their organization charts in their sleep. Yet, it is an issue that, in the daily, somehow becomes assumed almost outside the realm of managerial consciousness. By the use of these five market forces the organizational responses can be managed in a well way and The company can make progress in a well way. Q: Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behavior of a selected organization? Ans: Business and cultural environment comprises all those factors that affect a companys operations, and includes customers, competitors, stakeholders, suppliers, industry trends, regulations, other government activities, social and economic factors and technological developments. These factors affect the behaviour of an organization in different ways and these are the base as well for an organization. Organisation behaviour is a major part of any business and cultural environment because it sets out to help students understand how human beings deal with being part of organisations, large or small, working in teams and so forth. It is, essentially, the study of the soft end of business.   The theories derive from a variety of disciplines including sociology and psychology. It concerns itself with the complicated patterns of individual and group working. Thus the apparent aim of the study of organisational behaviour is to understand why people work in certain ways and then working out how to use this knowledge to improve the use of resources.   The history of the study of organisational behaviour is often broken down into different phases, beginning with both Scientific Management and the study of bureaucracy in the early-twentieth century. Both of these schools of thought were attempts to analyse human activity at work. The first looked at human beings as though they were part of a machine and sought to break activities down into discrete actions. The study of bureaucracy instead looked at the whole organisations and sought to define them through the varying levels of authority within the whole. The role of the manager in all this was also considered as the topic grew in scope.  Ã‚   As the study of psychology and psycho-analysis became more prevalent and more sophisticated, these rather mechanistic views eventually gave way to a more humanistic period in which it was seen that the workplace was also structured around mutually interactive groups of people who could not be defined in the earlier simplistic terms. Later on these ideas became even more sophisticated as it seemed that the work place was somewhere, if the conditions were right, people would find positive experiences, and where they could seek fulfilment and become creative.   Organisational behaviour, perhaps because it is about human beings, that generally defy categorisation, is home to many theories. Because it is about people and the way they react to and interact with each other, it is an ideal topic for teaching through fiction. Once again fiction provides endless opportunities to describe the conflicts and allegiances that are constantly being formed and re-formed in the work place. The fact that most novels are in some way or other about relationships and the ways in which people deal with negative and positive experiences within groups, and how alliances can shift over time and through internal or external pressures, means that they are rich in examples to be used in illustrating the various theories that make up the study of organisational behaviour. The fact that psychology, sociology and anthropology feature so strongly in the topic offers a variety of approaches in interpreting the scenarios, just as in real life. Q: Discuss the significance of international trade to uk business organizations? Ans: The buying and selling of goods and services across national borders is known as international trade.It is of vast importance not just for a single country but all the countries because without international trade the economy of a country and business organization can not make a progress on international level and they will b unable to display their manufactures to display at international level. International trade is the backbone of our modern, commercial world, as producers in different nations try to profit from an expanded market, rather than be limited to selling within their own borders. There are many reasons that trade across national borders occurs, including lower production costs in one region versus another, specialized industries, lack or surplus of natural resources and consumer tastes. There is currently a great deal of concern over jobs being taken away from the United States, member countries of the European Union and other developed nations as countries such as China, Korea, India, Indonesia and others produce goods and services at much lower costs. Both the United States and the European Union have imposed face restrictions on imports from Asian nations to try to stem this tide. Clearly, a company that can pay its workers the equivalent of dollars a day, as compared to dollars an hour, has a distinct selling advantage. Nevertheless, American and European consumers are only too happy to lower their costs of living by taking advantage of cheaper, imported goods. Even though many consumers prefer to buy less expensive goods, some international trade is fostered by a specialized industry that has developed due to national talent and/or tradition. Swiss watches, for example, will never be price-competitive with mass produced watches from Asia. German cutlery, English bone China, Scottish wool, fine French silks such as Hermes and other such products always find their way onto the international trade scene because consumers in many parts of the world are willing to foster the importation of these goods to satisfy their concept that certain countries are the best at making certain goods. One of the biggest components of international trade, both in terms of volume and value of goods is oil. Total net oil imports in 2005 are over 26 million barrels per day (U.S. Energy Information admin.figures) (Note: Importedoil include crude oil, natural gas liquids, and refined products.) At a recent average of $50 per barrel, that translates to $1billion, three hundred million, PER DAY. The natural resources of a handful of nations, most notably the nations of OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, are swept onto the international trade scene in staggering numbers each day, and consumer nations continue to absorb this flow. Other natural resources contribute to the movement of international trade, but none to the extent of the oil trade. Diamonds from Africa, both for industrial and jewelry use, wheat and other agricultural products from the United States and Australia, coal and steel from Canada and Russia, all flow across borders from these nations that have t he natural resources to the nations that lack them. Despite complaints about trade imbalances, effects on domestic economies, currency upheavals, and loss of jobs, the reality of goods and services continually crossing borders will not go away. International trade will continue to be the engine that runs most nations. Q: Analyse the impact of global factors on uk business organizations? Ans: Businesses are affected by an external environment as much as they are affected by the competitors. Global factors affecting business are legal, political, social, technological and economic. Understand